Ok firstly if you want to make a spellcaster character you must aim for spells:
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Water spell - Found in dungeon (Smashing books with a hammer)
Bounces off walls and lasts a long time.
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Magic missile - Found in chests in a dungeon
Flamelash is a stronger version which is found by killing bone serpents.
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Vilethorn - Found by smashing shadow orbs (Useful using dynamite or purification powder to smash the ebonstone) [Corrupted zones]
Be aware that Eater of worlds might spawn if you smash the orbs also useful on eater of worlds. This weapon also goes through tiles so its a useful ally.
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Spacegun - Made from meteorite bars and a gun from the arms dealer.
Its useful as a spare item if you are wearing meteor armor.
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Band of Starpower - Not required but recommended (found in golden chests)
This regenerates mana
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Band of Regeneration - Regenerates health
Useful as it reduces the amount of time you need food.
Armor
Wizard hat - Found by killing Tim - http://terraria.wikia.com/wiki/Tim
Meteor Armor - Slowly regenerates mana - Also makes the space gun use no mana (so its a good armor set to use if you have no mana remaining)
Jungle Armor - Higher mana regeneration - and reduces mana usage by 25%. This armor set is good to use however, the materials are a pain to get. Requires Silver armor set and 10 of each gem, a few vines and stingers. As you may of guessed from the jungle. It is more hazardous than hell in my opinion since the maneaters can take off easily 40 health and the hornets hit alot.
Extra information
I would recommend having spellcaster gear and melee gear as its a useful tool. Melee for emergencies.
My gear:
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Necro set - Made from bones and spiderwebs (Increases total speed by 20%)
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Molten armor - Strongest armor as its the strongest defence - 27 defence.
If you need any help just ask me on Terraria forums
-Inferndragon